What is a domain, domain levels, domain zones.

By the domain name you can find out some of the affiliation of the site: .ru - Russian-language sites, .ua - Ukrainian sites, .by - Belarusian sites, .com - commercial sites (from the word COMmerce). Although, without visiting a site only by domain, it is often not possible to absolutely correctly determine its ownership. Often, when purchasing a domain, webmasters rely only on its price, or on the availability of the name they are interested in in one of the zones. In Russia, for example, in addition to ru, the com zone (and not necessarily for a commercial site), the info, net, org zone are very popular.

You can check the availability of the domain you are interested in here:

By the way, if you buy hosting from HTS.ru, then you will receive domain as a gift!

Domains come in several levels.

First level domains ( top level) are not used for site names by themselves - this is what is placed at the end of all domains after a period. All first-level domains can be divided into two large parts: these are generic domains (public and limited availability) and national domains. First level domains are also called domain zone.

List of public domain zones

• com - commercial (commercial)
• edu - educational (educational)
• net - network (organizations that provide network operation)
• aero - (air transportation industry)
• gov - government
• int - International Organizations (international organizations)
• coop - (used by organizations providing cooperative services)
• museum - (domain available for registration only to museums)
• mil - military (US military institutions)
• name - (created for domains like firstname.lastname.name)
• org - organization (non-profit organizations)
• pro - professional (domain for certified professionals: doctors, lawyers, etc.)
• mobi - mobile (devices and mobile operators)
• info - information services (information nodes)
• biz - businesses, firms (commercial organizations)
• tv - television (television companies, organizations providing television services)
• arpa - ArpaNet

List of geographic top level domains

As can be seen, among domains general purpose there are those that are available for registration to any user (COM, NET, ORG, INFO, BIZ, NAME, etc.), and those that are available only to organizations that match the status of the domain zone (these are INT domains that are allocated for international organizations, EDU - for US higher education institutions, GOV - for US government organizations, etc.).

National (geographic) domains– these are two-letter first-level domains that are assigned by the international organization Internet Assigned Numbers Authority in agreement with the Internet communities of countries in accordance with the codes of these countries. Currently, there are about 243 national domains in the world, including RU, SU, UA, DE, US, UK, JP and others.

Domain.RU is a national domain Russian Federation. If your site will be visited mainly by people from Russia or your company operates in Russia, then a domain in the .RU zone is ideal for the address of your site (besides, it is one of the cheapest). Also, there is an opinion that sites on .RU domains are more readily indexed by Yandex.

When adding a word before the first level domain we get second level domain(for example, a website). If you add one more keyword, then it turns out third level domain(for example, news.yandex.ru), which is also called sub-domain. Subdomains are often used to host different sections of one website, or to publish a website in another language. Search engines consider subdomains to be different sites (if they are not mirrors of the main site). Subdomains are also used as free gift domains on hosting. The same principle is used to form fourth level domains, but on the Internet they are extremely rare, which, in general, is correct, because their names are difficult to remember.

All domains are registered to a physical or entity. Domain owner information displayed in whois (from who is - “who?”). Whois service is provided, for example, by this site www.networksolutions.com/whois/. The information displays the name of the owner, his contact information, the hosting on which this site is attached, and the date of registration. If desired, some registrars can hide registration information about the owner, leaving only the contact e-mail and hosting address. This is carried out by the private person service.

Choosing a domain for your website, or a company website, is not as simple as it seems at first glance. The domain must contain a certain word (or phrase) and reflect either the name of the company or the direction of its activity. It should be easy to understand by ear (in case you have to dictate it over the phone), memorable and associated with your company. It is also desirable that, without knowing the site address, but using his intuition, the user can enter the domain correctly (example - Odnoklassniki).

The difficulty is that millions of domains have already been registered, and finding the right one is sometimes extremely difficult. At the same time, not all domains are registered for direct use; many are registered as a reserve, for future resale (cybersquatting), or to make money by parking domains.

For serious projects, it is recommended to register 2nd level domains in all popular international zones and in all spelling variants at once. This is done for two reasons: perhaps the user will confuse the zone, or make a mistake in the name, but will still end up on your site, and this will prevent the possibility of blackmail by cybersquatters.

Oddly enough, the cheapest is the most popular domain.ru. For example, you can buy it in just for 99 rubles per year!

In general, a domain is an integral part of the Internet, a source of income and the first stage in creating a website.

Domain levels

Domains are divided into first (top), second and third level. Moreover, if you look at the composition of a domain name, then the domains are read from right to left.

Root domain - root domain. The top-level domain is marked with a “dot” (zero level). In common usage, the "dot" is not displayed as part of the domain name.

Top (first level) domains.

Top-level domain names are also called domain zones.

First (top) level domains include domain names like .ru, .рф, .su, .com, .net, .club.

Top-level domains are divided into several groups:

1. Country code top level domains (cctld). On the territory of the Russian Federation, such domains include the domain zones .RU, .РФ, .SU. National domains also include domain zones: .ua (Ukraine), .de (Germany), .eu (European Union).
2. International (generic) top-level domains (generic Top Level Domain (gTLD). These are such domain zones as: .com, .info, .biz, .name, .org.
3. New international top-level domains ( new gTLD). These domain zones are thematically focused on various areas of life and business: hobbies and everyday life (.photography, .gallery, .garden), business and finance (.finance, .money, .business), sports and entertainment (.bike, .fitness, .bar), style and beauty (.style, .best, .fashion), professional activity

(.guru, .expert, .lawyer).

Second level domains.

Second-level domains are registered on first-level domains. It is second-level domains that are common for commercial use. For example, second-level domains are sites hoster..com.

Third level domains.

For commercial use on the territory of the Russian Federation, registration of geographic and industry domains in the domain zones: ru.net, com.ru, msk.ru, sbp.ru is common.

International gTLDs

Biz - websites for business
.com - websites of commercial organizations
.edu - educational resources
.gov - government websites
.info - information sites
.mil - websites of military organizations
.movie - official movie sites
.museum - museum websites
.net - providers and network organizations
.org - non-profit organizations
.pro - for professionals
.tv - websites of television companies

Name - personal domain

Club - domain for a club of common interests

Xyz - universal domain

Center - somewhat similar to the .club zone, but wider. The domain can be interpreted as both a “center for like-minded people” and a “shopping center.”

Domains from different countries

Am - Armenia

At - Austria
.az – Azerbaijan

Be - Belgium
.bg - Bulgaria

By – Belarus
.ch - Switzerland

Cn - China

Co - Colombia
.de - Germany

Dk - Denmark
.ee – Estonia

Eg - Egypt
.es - Spain

Eu - Europe
.fi - Finland

Fr - France
.gb - UK

Ge – Georgia
.gr - Greece

HR from Croatia
.hu - Hungary

Ie - Ireland
.il - Israel

In - India
.is - Iceland

It - Italy
.jp - Japan

Kg - Kyrgyzstan
.kz – Kazakhstan

Li - Liechtenstein
.lt - Lithuania

Lu from Luxembourg
.lv - Latvia

Ly - Libya
.md - Moldova

Mn - Mongolia
.nl - Netherlands

No - Norway
.nt - Neutral Zone

Pl - Poland
.pt - Portugal

Ro - Romania
.ru - Russia

SE - Sweden
.si - Slovenia

Sk - Slovakia
.su - Former USSR

Tj – Tajikistan
.tm - Turkmenistan

Tr - Türkiye
.ua - Ukraine

UK - United Kingdom
.us - USA

Uz - Uzbekistan
.va - Vatican

RU-CENTER is one of the largest registrars on Russian market since 2001. We provide services for registration, renewal and transfer of support for information about domain names in more than: national, international and thematic.

To do this, enter the query you are interested in in the search bar and click “Check”. The list of results will show available names in domain zones with a price for the first year - all available, from the most to the most expensive. Our selection will allow you to check whether a specific domain is free if you enter it in its entirety in the search bar.

Select the appropriate option from the search results by category or across the entire list, place and pay for your order. These are valid for the first year of registration and may differ from the cost of the domain upon renewal.

After receiving the money, the domain name is registered in the central database (Register) - the administrator indicates the individual or organization that has entered into an agreement with RU-CENTER.

After registration, management and all information about the domain become available in the “For Clients” section.

United Arab Emirates
.AF - Afghanistan (Afghanistan)
.A.G.- Antigua and Barbuda (Antigua and Barbuda)
.AI - Anguilla
.AL - Albania (Albania)
.A.M.- Armenia (Armenia)
.AN - Netherlands Antilles
.AO - Angola (Angola)
.AQ - Antarctica (Antarctica)
.AR - Argentina (Argentina)
.AS - American Samoa (American Samoa)
.AT- Austria (Austria)
.AU- Australia (Australia)
.AW - Aruba (Aruba)
.AX - Aland Islands
.AZ- Azerbaijan (Azerbaijan)
.BA - Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosnia and Herzegovina)
.BB - Barbados (Barbados)
.BD - Bangladesh
.BE- Belgium (Belgium)
.BF - Burkina Faso (Burkina Faso)
.BG - Bulgaria (Bulgaria)
.BH - Bahrain (Bahrain)
.BI - Burundi (Burundi)
.BJ - Benin (Benin)
.BM - Bermuda (Bermuda)
.BN - Brunei Darussalam (Brunei)
.BO - Bolivia (Bolivia)
.BR - Brazil (Brazil)
.BS - Bahamas (Bahamas)
.BT - Bhutan (Bhutan)
.BV - Bouvet Island
.BW - Botswana (Botswana)
.BY- Belarus (Belarus)
.BZ - Belize (Belize)
.C.A.- Canada
.CC- Cocos (Keeling) Islands
.CD - Congo (Congo)
.CF - Central African Republic (Central African Republic)
.CG - Congo (Congo)
.CH- Switzerland
.CI - Cote d'Ivoire (Cote d'Ivoire)
.CK - Cook Islands
.CL - Chile (Chile)
.CM - Cameroon (Cameroon)
.CN- China (China)
.CO - Colombia
.CR - Costa Rica (Costa Rica)
.CS - Serbia and Montenegro (Serbia and Montenegro)
.CU - Cuba
.CV - Cape Verde (Cape Verde)
.CX - Christmas Island
.C.Y.- Cyprus (Cyprus)
.CZ- Czech Republic (Czech Republic)
.DE- Germany (Germany)
.DJ- Djibouti (Djibouti)
.DK- Denmark
.DM - Dominica (Dominica)
.DO - Dominican Republic (Dominican Republic)
.DZ - Algeria (Algeria)
.EC - Ecuador (Ecuador)
.E.E.- Estonia (Estonia)
.E.G.- Egypt (Egypt)
.EH - Western Sahara
.ER - Eritrea (Eritrea)
.ES- Spain (Spain)
.ET - Ethiopia (Ethiopia)
.EU- European Union (European Union)
.FI- Finland (Finland)
.FJ - Fiji (Fiji)
.FK - Falkland Islands
.FM- Micronesia (Micronesia)
.FO - Faroe Islands
.FR- France (France)
.GA - Gabon (Gabon)
.GB - United Kingdom
.GD - Grenada (Grenada)
.G.E.- Georgia (Georgia)
.GF - French Guiana
.GG - Guernsey (Island of Guernsey)
.GH - Ghana (Ghana)
.GI - Gibraltar (Gibraltar)
.GL - Greenland (Greenland)
.GM - Gambia (Gambia)
.GN - Guinea (Guinea)
.GP - Guadeloupe (Guadeloupe)
.GQ - Equatorial Guinea
.GR- Greece (Greece)
.GS - South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
.GT - Guatemala (Guatemala)
.GU - Guam
.GW - Guinea-Bissau (Guinea-Bissau)
.GY - Guyana (Guyana)
.HK - Hong Kong
.HM - Heard and McDonald Islands
.HN - Honduras (Honduras)
.HR - Croatia/Hrvatska (Croatia)
.HT - Haiti (Haiti)
.HU - Hungary (Hungary)
.ID - Indonesia (Indonesia)
.I.E.- Ireland
.IL- Israel (Israel)
.IM - Isle of Man (Isle of Man)
.IN- India (India)
.IO- British Indian Ocean Territory
.IQ - Iraq
.IR - Iran (Iran)
.IS - Iceland (Iceland)
.IT- Italy (Italy)
.JE - Jersey (Jersey Island)
.JM - Jamaica (Jamaica)
.JO - Jordan (Jordan)
.J.P.- Japan (Japan)
.KE - Kenya (Kenya)
.KG- Kyrgyzstan (Kyrgyzstan)
.KH - Cambodia (Cambodia)
.KI - Kiribati (Kiribati)
.KM - Comoros (Comoros)
.KN - Saint Kitts and Nevis (Saint Kitts and Nevis)
.KP - Korea (North Korea)
.KR - Korea (South Korea)
.KW - Kuwait (Kuwait)
.KY - Cayman Islands
.KZ- Kazakhstan (Kazakhstan)
.L.A.- Laos (Laos)
.LB - Lebanon (Lebanon)
.LC - Saint Lucia (Saint Lucia)
.LI - Liechtenstein (Liechtenstein)
.LK - Sri Lanka (Sri Lanka)
.LR - Liberia (Liberia)
.LS - Lesotho (Lesotho)
.LT- Lithuania (Lithuania)
.LU - Luxembourg (Luxembourg)
.LV- Latvia (Latvia)
.LY - Libya (Libya)
.MA - Morocco (Morocco)
.MC - Monaco (Monaco)
.M.D.- Moldova (Moldova)
.MG - Madagascar (Madagascar)
.MH - Marshall Islands
.MK - Macedonia (Macedonia)
.ML - Mali (Mali)
.MM - Myanmar (Myanmar)
.MN - Mongolia (Mongolia)
.MO - Macau
.MP - Northern Mariana Islands
.MQ - Martinique (Martinique)
.MR - Mauritania (Mauritania)
.MS - Montserrat (Montserrat)
.MT - Malta (Malta)
.MU - Mauritius (Mauritius)
.MV - Maldives
.MW - Malawi (Malawi)
.MX - Mexico (Mexico)
.M.Y.- Malaysia (Malaysia)
.MZ - Mozambique (Mozambique)
.NA - Namibia (Namibia)
.NC - New Caledonia (New Caledonia)
.NE - Niger (Niger)
.NF - Norfolk Island (Norfolk)
.NG - Nigeria (Nigeria)
.NI - Nicaragua (Nicaragua)
.NL - Netherlands (Netherlands)
.NO- Norway (Norway)
.NP - Nepal (Nepal)
.NR - Nauru (Nauru)
.NU- Niue
.NZ - New Zealand (New Zealand)
.OM - Oman (Oman)
.PA - Panama (Panama)
.PE - Peru (Peru)
.PF - French Polynesia (French Polynesia)
.PG - Papua New Guinea (Papua - New Guinea)
.PH - Philippines
.PK - Pakistan (Pakistan)
.P.L.- Poland (Poland)
.PM - Saint Pierre and Miquelon (Saint Pierre and Miquelon)
.PN - Pitcairn Island (Pitcairn Island)
.PR - Puerto Rico (Puerto Rico)
.PS - Palestine (Palestine)
.P.T.- Portugal (Portugal)
.PW - Palau (Palau)
.PY - Paraguay (Paraguay)
.QA - Qatar
.RE - Reunion Island
.R.O.- Romania (Romania)
.RU- Russian Federation (Russia)
.RW - Rwanda (Rwanda)
.SA - Saudi Arabia (Saudi Arabia)
.SB - Solomon Islands
.SC - Seychelles (Seychelles)
.SD - Sudan (Sudan)
.S.E.- Sweden (Sweden)
.S.G.- Singapore
.SH- Saint Helena (St. Helena Island)
.SI - Slovenia (Slovenia)
.SJ - Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands
.SK - Slovakia (Slovakia)
.SL - Sierra Leone
.SM - San Marino (San Marino)
.SN - Senegal (Senegal)
.SO - Somalia (Somalia)
.SR - Suriname (Suriname)
.ST - Sao Tome and Principe (Sao Tome and Principe)
.S.U.- Soviet Union (USSR)
.SV - El Salvador (El Salvador)
.SY - Syria (Syria)
.SZ - Swaziland
.TC - Turks and Caicos Islands
.TD - Chad (Chad)
.TF - French Southern Territories
.TG - Togo (Togo)
.T.H.- Thailand (Thailand)
.T.J.- Tajikistan (Tajikistan)
.TK- Tokelau (Tokelau)
.TL - Timor-Leste
.TM- Turkmenistan (Turkmenistan)
.TN - Tunisia (Tunisia)
.TO - Tonga
.TP - East Timor (East Timor)
.TR- Turkey (Türkiye)
.TT - Trinidad and Tobago (Trinidad and Tobago)
.TV- Tuvalu (Tuvalu)
.TW- Taiwan
.TZ - Tanzania (Tanzania)
.U.A.- Ukraine (Ukraine)
.UG - Uganda (Uganda)
.UK- United Kingdom (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)
.UM - United States Minor Outlying Islands
.US- United States
.UY - Uruguay (Uruguay)
.UZ- Uzbekistan (Uzbekistan)
.VA - Holy See, Vatican (Vatican)
.VC - Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines)
.VE - Venezuela (Venezuela)
.VG - Virgin Islands, British (Virgin Islands, British)
.VI - Virgin Islands, U.S. (Virgin Islands, USA)
.VN - Vietnam (Vietnam)
.VU - Vanuatu (Vanuatu)
.WF - Wallis and Futuna Islands
.W.S.- Western Samoa (Western Samoa)
.YE - Yemen (Yemen)
.YT - Mayotte
.YU - Yugoslavia (Yugoslavia)
.ZA- South Africa (South Africa)
.ZM - Zambia (Zambia)
.ZW - Zimbabwe (Zimbabwe)

A domain is an area of ​​the Internet's hierarchical name space that is designated by a unique domain name, served by a set of domain name servers (DNS), and centrally administered by a Domain Administrator. A single Administrator is identified for each registered domain name.

National domains

National domains (country code Top Level Domains - ccTLDs) - top-level domains are assigned by the international organization IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) in agreement with the Internet communities of countries in accordance with country and territory codes according to the international standard ISO 3166-1.

• Through the .masterhost company you can register the following domains in national zones: .ru, .rf, .fo, etc.
• Top level domains .ru .rf are the domain of the Russian Federation.
• Domain names in zones .ru .rf .su are registered for a period of 1 year.
• Domains in zones .cc, .tv .fo etc. You can register for a period from 1 year to 10 years.

Generic Domains

All top-level domains can be divided into two large parts. The first is public domain domains ( generic TLD or gTLD) and new top-level domains (New gTLDs) are thematic domain zones that marked the launch of a new era of the Internet.

Generic domains include .COM, .NET, .ORG, .RUS, etc. domains.

New domains introduced by ICANN as part of the New gTLD program include, for example, domain zones such as .SITE, .ONLINE, .OOO, .FUN, .LTD and many others. Unlike generic top-level domains, most of the interesting options here are not yet taken and available for registration!

• You can register generic domains through the company.masterhost
  in more than 260 domain zones: .com .net, .org, .site, .online, .email, .cam and others.
• You can register domains in international zones for a period of 1 to 10 years.

Premium Domains

Premium segment domains exist in various domain zones (.COM, .NET, .RUS, .OOO and others).
Premium domains sound great and are memorable. For example, most two-character domains are premium. In addition, premium domains often consist of common, colorful and euphonious words.

The list of domains with premium status is determined independently by the domain name zone registry. The cost of registering and renewing premium domains may differ from the standard domain cost. Special prices and promotions for registration and renewal of domain names by general rule do not apply to premium domain names.

Multilingual Domains (IDN)

Multilingual domain names are names represented by characters of national alphabets in combination with a domain zone in the Latin alphabet.

The DNS system only works with Latin characters, so direct registration of such names in the Registry is impossible.

However, there is another way: the site address from characters of national alphabets entered into the address bar of the browser is converted using the resources of the program itself into a set of Latin characters that is acceptable for registration in the Register.

Today, all modern browsers perform this conversion. For example, mydomain.su is not a domain name as such. This is an IDN or representation for a traditional Latin domain xn--d1acklchcc.su

, which is obtained by recoding using a special PUNYCODE algorithm.
Multilingual domain registration is available in many country and international zones

(for example, in zones, COM, .NET, .LTD, .SPACE, etc.).

• In the .SU domain it is possible to register domain names, not only Cyrillic domain names, but also those consisting of characters from the Greek, Cyrillic, Armenian, Arabic, Georgian alphabets and Hebrew.

In the .RUS and .РФ zones, you can only register a domain in a Cyrillic domain.

Industry domains

Industry domains are intended for registration of third-level domain names, taking into account industry, departmental and other similar specifics. Registration of industry domains is carried out by .masterhost through partner registrars.

• Industry domains include:.net.ru -
• for organizations implementing projects related to the development of the Internet;.org.ru -
• for non-profit organizations;.pp.ru - For;
• individuals.com.ru -

for commercial organizations.

Geographic domains

• Geographic domain names are recognized as the established designations of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
• Registration of industry domains is carried out by .masterhost through partner registrars.

Registration is valid for one year.

Territorial domains Within generic domains there are so-called sponsored domain zones.

(sTLD)

They are supported by funds allocated by representatives of the Internet community who are most interested in their existence. gTLD At the same time inside And ccTLD

The main territorial domains include:

.eu - Country code top level domain for the European Union. In order to register a domain in the .EU zone, you must be a resident of the European Union or have a permanent representative in its territory.

.su- was originally delegated to the USSR. However, a geopolitical space has been preserved in which economic and political ties are still exceptionally strong. Therefore, it was decided to position the .SU domain as a common space for the Russian language on the Internet.

Domains in zones .eu At the same time inside .su are registered for a period of 1 year.

Rules for registering domains in the zone.RU

• the full domain name must end with the characters “.RU”;
• the preceding part of the domain name must contain from 2 to 63 characters, begin and end with a letter of the Latin alphabet or a number;
• intermediate characters in a domain name can be letters of the Latin alphabet, numbers or a hyphen;
• a domain name cannot contain hyphens in both the 3rd and 3rd positions;

Rules for registering domains in the zone.RF

• the full domain name must end with the characters “.РФ”;
• the preceding part of the domain name must contain such a number of characters that the Punycode representation of the designation contains from 2 to 63 characters, begins and ends with a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet or a number;
• a Cyrillic domain name can consist of letters of the Cyrillic alphabet, numbers from zero (0) to nine (9) and the hyphen symbol (-);
• acceptable letters are letters of the Russian alphabet, including the letter “ё”; capitals and lower case do not differ;
• To delegate a domain name, you must go through mobile authorization by entering the code received via SMS in the control panel. Without performing this action, the domain will be registered, but will remain in the not delegated status.

RULES FOR REGISTRATION OF INTERNATIONAL, COUNTRY AND SPONSORED DOMAINS

• The fully qualified domain name must end with characters that match the domain zone.
• The preceding part of the domain name must contain:
  1. in domains .PW, .RUS - from 3 to 63 characters;
  2. in other international domains - from 2 to 63 characters;
• Intermediate characters in a domain name can be letters of the Latin alphabet, numbers or a hyphen.
• The domain name cannot begin or end with a hyphen.

Rules for registering domains using national language characters

• The domain name can consist of letters of the national alphabet, numbers and hyphens.
• Intermediate characters can be letters of the national alphabet, numbers or a hyphen.
• The maximum length of a Punycode domain name cannot exceed 63 characters.

Registry Operators:

• ANO "Coordination Center for Domains.RU/.РФ": https://cctld.ru/
• Internet Development Fund: www.fid.su
• VeriSign Inc: .COM, .NET domains https://www.verisign.com/
• Public Interest Registry: domain.ORG: https://pir.org/policies/
• LLC "Russian Names": domain.RUS: http://rusnames.ru/rules.pl
• Donuts Inc. https://donuts.domains/about/policies/
• CentralNic Ltd. https://www.centralnic.com/support/terms
• Radix TLDs. https://radix.website/policies/